Fractures

A fracture is a break or crack in a bone and is one of the most common orthopedic injuries. It can occur due to trauma, falls, or direct impact. Fractures can range from simple hairline fractures to more severe compound fractures, where the bone breaks through the skin.

Symptoms:

• Severe pain at the site of injury
• Swelling and bruising
• Inability to move the affected area
• Visible deformity in severe cases

Treatment:

Fractures are treated by immobilizing the affected area with a cast or splint. Severe fractures may require surgery to realign the bone and secure it with screws, plates, or rods.

Sprains and Strains
A sprain involves the stretching or tearing of ligaments (tissues connecting bones), while a strain affects muscles or tendons. Sprains and strains commonly occur in the ankle, wrist, and knee due to sudden twists, falls, or overexertion.

Symptoms:

• Pain and tenderness in the injured area
• Swelling and bruising
• Limited mobility or stiffness

Treatment:

Rest, ice, compression, and elevation (R.I.C.E.) is the first-line treatment. Severe sprains or strains may need physical therapy or, in rare cases, surgery.

Dislocations

A dislocation happens when a bone slips out of its joint, commonly affecting the shoulder, fingers, or knee. This type of injury is often caused by trauma or sudden impact during sports or accidents.

Symptoms:

• Intense pain
• Swelling and bruising
• Inability to move the joint
• Visible deformity

Treatment:

Dislocated joints need to be put back into place (reduction) by a healthcare professional. Immobilization, followed by physical therapy, helps restore function.
Ligament Tears (ACL, MCL, etc.)
Ligament injuries, such as tears to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or medial collateral ligament (MCL) in the knee, are common in sports activities involving sudden stops or changes in direction.

Symptoms:

• Sudden “pop” sound or sensation during injury
• Intense pain
• Swelling and instability in the knee

Treatment:

Minor tears may heal with rest and physical therapy, but severe tears often require surgical repair followed by rehabilitation.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While some minor orthopedic injuries can heal with rest and home care, others require prompt medical attention. You should see a doctor if:

• The pain is severe or doesn’t improve with rest.
• There is significant swelling, bruising, or deformity.
• You cannot bear weight or move the affected area.
• You experience numbness or tingling, which could indicate nerve damage.